Young player about to kick a soccer ball during indoor training

player

Understanding the player

Our player-centered approach starts with understanding each individual player

Player

Ages and stages

Each player is on their own unique development journey. Patience and understanding are required. As players grow and develop they will experience changes in the following five areas:

  • Working with others
  • Managing emotions
  • Language and communication
  • Thinking skills
  • Body and movement
The ages and stages of development are the progression a player makes in their step-by-step learning journey, starting at a very young age and progressing through different phases of their development. And at each age and stage it's important for coaches to know the characteristics of the player they're working with. When considering the age and stage of a player you're working with, it's important to remember that things change over time, and that every player is unique, no player is equal, they all develop at different rates. And so for example, when looking at the physical growth and maturation of a player at a certain age, you could have some players that may have developed earlier, which appear bigger and faster and stronger and more powerful, and even a player that's the same age could be less mature. And what we would call a later developer who is still waiting for a growth sp urt or could be shorter or smaller, and it's really important to individualize the coaching and support for players across all the phases of growth and development. Players can use the information contained in the ages and stages as a starting point. We often say, "How do we best support the player that's in front of us?" And this starts with understanding all of the characteristics of their age and stage as you prepare practices or as you interact with them and as you support them. This could include things like speaking their language, understanding the complexity of tasks that you may have in your practice sessions. And at the root of this is, "How do you make sure they can stay engaged and have fun throughout every session?" And again, this starts with understanding where a player is in their age and stage of development. Yeah, so we could have two individual players at the same club at the same age, but both will be at vastly different stages of their own development, depending on their social or emotional development, depending on their physical development. So as a coach, it's always critical for us to look at what the individual player needs and where is that player at within that development. Each player will have their own journey to go on. Each player will develop at their own rate, but do we have an understanding of what that is and what the player needs from us as a coach?

Ages and stages of development

U.S. Soccer’s Tony Lepore and Tracey Kevins underline the importance of understanding where your players are in their stage of development.

ages & stages of development

Click on an age group to learn where your players are along the ages and stages of development. Please note that each child develops at their own pace and some may be early or late in their development.

Getting to know U17+ players

Players in this age group:

Working with Others

  • Relationship with parents change as child becomes more independent
  • Still exploring and developing identity and personality
  • Can engage in risky behaviors
  • Collaboration and working together is important for girls

Managing Emotions

  • Better at solving practical problems
  • Better at recognizing feelings and desires
  • Seek excitement and new sensations
  • Seek out new and challenging situations
  • Girls may experience confidence issues due to puberty

Body & Movement

  • Significant changes in body continue
  • Can experience awkwardness due to physical changes
  • Late maturing children may begin to reach peak growth
  • Some girls may not be happy with their body image

Thinking Skills

  • Can use feedback in a better way
  • Understand individual goals and how to approach them
  • Increased capacity for self-reflection
  • Can take more ownership and responsibility

Considerations when coaching players

Yeah, so I think if coach of a female player, the player will go through puberty at different ages. So first of all, having an understanding of where she is at in her physical development and also her puberty level. So what does she need from us at that particular time? How do we manage her emotional needs as she's developing? How do we deal with the player on the field and having an understanding of where she's at in puberty? Also having a key understanding of some of the exercises that how do we work with the player as their hip is alignment is changing and their knee alignment is changing. How do we work with the players so that we can ensure that ACLs and things that are more prevalent in young girls going through puberty are taken care of in the different exercises that we use within our training sessions? For girls, we know that there's a high dropout rate around the teenage years. So it's often do we understand the player that's in front of us and what they're going through? So how do we pay particular needs to each individual and what they may require from us? There may be different emotional needs that the player is going through that they may need us for. They may be going through puberty and may need us to have a deeper understanding of where they're at in terms of their cycle and how we can help and support them during those times that during the course of their life that they go through those changes but it's really meeting the player where they're at. I think for us to lower the dropout rate is critical for the girls game and I think that it's for us really to approach it as a women's game and have an understanding of what that female player needs from us may be different from the boy that you may be coaching as well. Yeah, I think if you're working as a coach with any female players of any age it's always really having an understanding that a key component for girls will be want to collaborate, how they work together, how they organise, so how we can facilitate training session that has work of collaboration or working in small pairs or small groups together to be able to problem solve.

Working with female players

U.S. Soccer's Tracey Kevins outlines a number of important considerations when coaching female players

I would say that as a young player I was always tall, I probably didn't have the frame that I had right now. I would attribute myself to probably like a giraffe. I was long and lanky and awkward motions and it wasn't until probably 17-18 that I started filling out my body and I think it was important because perhaps people saw a rawness in me that because of my body hasn't fully developed and in terms of maturation agents and stage it's really important that we're patient with the player and that we understand they're not a finished product right now and that what you see today might be vastly different in three years in five years and so myself, albeit I was always tall, I wasn't always had the physical attributes or the strength or the presence I would say that I did when I grew up in later years so I would say that was kind of the transition for myself in terms of understanding and owning my body frame and when it finally grew into what it became. Puberty definitely affected soccer if I look back to it. I grew very quickly and because of that I had a lot of knee problems whether it be ahage good slaughters, whether it be knee braces, when I'm playing at a young age, my foot size was huge so I'd be tripping over my feet all the time. All these awkward stages of growth and puberty definitely hit me and I had to kind of figure out how I was going to work around it, how it wasn't going to affect me, whether physically or performance-wise but I definitely went through it. Fortunately I was able to come out of it on top but these were definitely moments that people don't speak about, it's almost like the unspoken things that happen but these are elements that really affect the growth and the performance of our players and I think it's important that we acknowledge it and we bring it to light to be able to help them through this as much as possible. But I do believe part of me being able to excel past the youth ranks and so on and past and towards the professional was that I had patience, I had people that understood, I had people that believed in me before, I was able to believe in myself so I do believe that these adults behind the helm pushing would have had that patience that we 're speaking about.

Why players need patience as they grow and develop

Former USMNT defender Oguchi Onyewu explains how patience from his coaches allowed him to grow and develop in the game

Recommended Resources

Click each resource to download a PDF overview

PLAYER

Understanding your players better

Our player-centered approach starts with understanding each individual player

PLAYER

meeting a player’s basic needs

Help meet your players’ basic needs by focusing on four areas

player

the ages and stages of development

As players grow and develop they will experience changes in five areas