Empowering Athletes with Hidden Disabilities

• When coaching players with ADHD, autism, learning disabilities or other hidden disabilities.
• When adapting training activities and communication to support different learning needs.
• When working with parents and caregivers to understand individual players' needs.
• When helping coaches and volunteers build more inclusive training environments.
• When reviewing club practices and identifying opportunities to improve accessibility and inclusion.

This article combines research with real-world experiences to help coaches better understand the challenges athletes with hidden disabilities may face. It provides practical strategies for adapting coaching approaches, strengthening communication and creating environments where players feel supported, included and able to succeed.

• How can you adapt your coaching and communication to support different learning and sensory needs?
• Are your training environments welcoming and accessible to players with hidden disabilities?
• How do you involve parents and caregivers in understanding and supporting individual players?
• What additional education or resources would help your coaches better support neurodivergent athletes?
• How can your club build more inclusive practices into everyday coaching?

As the governing body of soccer in all its forms in the United States. U.S. Soccer exists in service to soccer. Our ambition is to ignite a national passion for soccer. We believe soccer is more than a sport, it is a force for good.’ To learn more visit USSoccer.com.

These resources are hosted on the US Soccer Learning Center where coaches, referees and other members of the soccer community can access a wide range of articles and training opportunities, including on issues of mental and physical health.

1. How can coaches support soccer players with ADHD or autism?

Coaches can support players by using clear communication, adapting activities to individual needs, providing consistent routines and creating a welcoming environment. Working with players and their families can help coaches understand what support works best.

2. What are hidden disabilities in sport?

Hidden disabilities are conditions that may not be immediately visible but can affect how athletes learn, communicate, interact or participate. Examples include ADHD, autism and certain learning disabilities.

3. How can soccer clubs create more inclusive training environments?

Clubs can provide disability awareness education for coaches, encourage open communication with players and families, adapt training activities and establish practices that support different learning and participation needs.